鄱陽湖南磯濕地蜘蛛及其昆蟲獵物多樣性季節變化與群落功能分析
首發時間:2023-06-30
摘要:旨在探討蜘蛛及其昆蟲獵物對濕地生態系統結構的穩定性及能量與物質循環的指示作用,為鄱陽湖南磯濕地國家級自然保護區生物多樣性的保護與利用提供參考。結合景觀生態原理,采用群落樣點設置與觀察、關聯標本采集與鑒定等生態定量調查及多樣性分析方法。本次調查共采得蜘蛛16科50屬73種,其中,有15個未確定種,8個江西新記錄種(含1個雄性新記錄),另外,跳蛛科、蟹蛛科、肖蛸科、園蛛科和狼蛛科的屬、種數較多,春夏季多皿蛛個體,秋冬季多貓蛛個體;共獲得昆蟲獵物11目79屬81種,春夏季多為雙翅目和鞘翅目昆蟲,秋冬季多為直翅目、雙翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目昆蟲。(1)群落結構與功能分析表明,南磯灌叢為蜘蛛繁育發生提供了庇護所,充當蛛庫;南磯草甸是蜘蛛捕食行為實戰與演化的平臺,南磯林地是各類蜘蛛限時匯聚、適時飛航的踏板;在春夏季,南磯草甸中的水生或地棲昆蟲是蜘蛛的主要偏好獵物或潛在捕食對象,進入秋冬季,南磯灌叢或林地成為不常見昆蟲的匯集地;它們分別主導著南磯蜘蛛及其昆蟲獵物群落豐富度、優勢度、多樣性和均勻度的高低起伏。(2)聚類分析表明,南磯濕地各蜘蛛群落間的交流頻率與連續性程度受地域異質性和空間距離的限制較為明顯,群落類型的內聚作用和發散功能穩定;各昆蟲獵物群落間的交流頻率與連續性程度受時域同質化和季節物候的影響較為明顯,群落類型的邊緣差異與斑塊功能穩定。(3)相關分析表明,蜘蛛及其昆蟲獵物群落在春夏季、秋冬季和總體上的各項多樣性指數互有關聯,且部分時空指數存在交錯相關現象,地域與季節性溫濕度等物候條件的變化是其主要驅動力。蜘蛛和昆蟲是食物鏈中兩個重要的中間環節,它們共同維持著南磯濕地生態系統的運轉和平衡。
關鍵詞: 南磯濕地 蜘蛛 昆蟲獵物 多樣性 季節變化 群落功能。
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Analysis seasonal change and community function of diversity of spiders and their insect prey in the Poyany Park Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve
Abstract:It aims to explore the indicator effect of spiders and their insect prey on the stability of wetland ecosystem structure and energy and material cycle, and provide reference for the protection and utilization of biodiversity in Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake. Combined with the principle of landscape ecology, ecological quantitative investigation and diversity analysis methods such as community sample site setting and observation, associated specimen collection and identification were adopted. This survey collected a total of 73 species of spiders in 16 families and 50 genera, of which 15 unidentified species, 8 newly recorded species in Jiangxi province (including 1 new male record). In addition, it is more genus and species number of Salticidae, Thomisidae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae and Lycosidae, more individual number of Linyphiidae in spring and summer, and more of Oxyopidae in autumn and winter. Meanwhile, insect prey of these spider was collected 83 species,79 genera, 11 order. It is more insect of Diptera and Coleoptera in spring and summer, and more insect of Orthoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera in autumn and winter. (1) The community structure and function analysis shows that the Nanji shrub provides shelter for spider breeding and acts as a storehouse, the Nanji meadow is a platform for spider actual combat and evolution of their feeding behavior, and the Nanji forest is a pedal of limited time convergence and timely flight for all kinds of spiders. In spring and summer, aquatic or habitat insects are the main preferred prey or potential prey of spiders, becoming the gathering place or shelter for uncommon insects; they dominate the height of richness, dominance, diversity and evenness of the spiders and their insect prey respectively. (2) The cluster analysis shows that the frequency and continuity of communication among each spider communities in Nanji wetland are limited by regional heterogeneity and spatial distance, and the cohesion and divergence function of community types are stable, and the frequency and continuity of communication among each insect prey communities are affected by time domain homogeneity and seasonal phenology, and the edge difference of community types and patch function are stable. (3) The correlation analysis suggests that the diversity indices of spiders and their insect prey communities were correlated in spring, summer, autumn and winter and in general, and some spatiotemporal indices were intercorrelated. Changes in phenological conditions such as geographical or seasonal temperature and humidity are their main driving force. Spiders and insects are two important intermediate links in the food chain, which together maintain the operation and balance of organic field ecosystems such as the Poyang Lake Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve.
Keywords: the Nanji wetland spider insect prey diversity seasonal change community function
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鄱陽湖南磯濕地蜘蛛及其昆蟲獵物多樣性季節變化與群落功能分析
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